The population of Ireland is about 6.9 million, but it is estimated that 50 to 80 million people around the world have Irish forebears, making the Irish diaspora one of the largest of any nation. Many presidents of the United States have had some Irish ancestry. By some accounts, the first European child born in North America had Irish descent on both sides. Notable Irish explorers include Brendan the Navigator, Sir Robert McClure, Sir Alexander Armstrong, Sir Ernest Shackleton and Tom Crean. Yeats, Samuel Beckett, James Joyce, Máirtín Ó Cadhain, Eavan Boland, and Seamus Heaney. Irish literature has produced famous writers in both Irish- and English-language traditions, such as Eoghan Rua Ó Súilleabháin, Dáibhí Ó Bruadair, Jonathan Swift, Oscar Wilde, W. The scientist Robert Boyle is considered the "father of chemistry", and Robert Mallet one of the "fathers of seismology". The 6th-century Irish monk and missionary Columbanus is regarded as one of the "fathers of Europe", followed by saints Cillian and Fergal. After Ireland's conversion to Christianity, Irish missionaries and scholars exerted great influence on Western Europe, and the Irish came to be seen as a nation of "saints and scholars". There have been many notable Irish people throughout history.
Historically, the Irish nation was made up of kin groups or clans, and the Irish also had their own religion, law code, alphabet and style of dress. Although Irish (Gaeilge) was their main language in the past, today most Irish people speak English as their first language. The Irish have their own customs, language, music, dance, sports, cuisine and mythology. The people of Northern Ireland hold various national identities including British, Irish, Northern Irish or some combination thereof. Today, Ireland is made up of the Republic of Ireland (officially called Ireland) and Northern Ireland (a part of the United Kingdom). Anglo-Normans also conquered parts of Ireland in the 12th century, while England's 16th/17th century conquest and colonisation of Ireland brought many English and Lowland Scots to parts of the island, especially the north.
From the 9th century, small numbers of Vikings settled in Ireland, becoming the Norse-Gaels. For most of Ireland's recorded history, the Irish have been primarily a Gaelic people (see Gaelic Ireland). There have been humans in Ireland for about 33,000 years, and it has been continually inhabited for more than 10,000 years (see Prehistoric Ireland). Irish people ( Irish: Muintir na hÉireann or Na hÉireannaigh) are an ethnic group and nation native to the island of Ireland, who share a common history and culture. Irish Travellers, Gaels, Anglo-Irish, Bretons, Cornish, English, Icelanders, Manx, Scots, Ulster Scots, Welsh (majority Catholicism minority Protestantism: Presbyterianism, Anglicanism, Methodism) Republic of Ireland 5,000,000+ (2021 estimate) Northern Ireland 627,814 (2021 census, Irish alone and other national identifications) ġ4,000,000 (650,000 first generation) Įnglish ( Hiberno-English dialects)
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